Here's What Happened (2)

The Story

Part 2: Recovery

Due to the fact that we had no cell coverage in the launch zone, we had to go find a Wi-Fi hotspot and run a final flight prediction. The original intention was to run a prediction from the launch zone, tethering our phones to a laptop to give it internet connection. With this small change of plans, we packed our gear into the truck and drove north to Prosser, where there would surely be a McDonald's with Wi-Fi and some breakfast. As we drove, we prayed for a quick and easy recovery. I could not have imagined the ordeal we were about to experience. At the McDonald's in Prosser, we got something to eat and loaded up our computers. It was when we tried to run a flight prediction that I remembered one fatal point: flight predictions only work in the future. The time was already 9:00 AM, over an hour since launch, and the flight prediction would be totally inaccurate. We decided to base our landing zone off of a prediction I ran the night before, giving us a general area to search. The prediction I ran also gave us a flight time of 2 hours 17 minutes, so we had to get going in order to view the landing. We left the McDonald's and drove southeast down Highway 221. At this point we sent our first "ping" to the cell phone on board the capsule, making a GPS location request. As we went, I periodically checked the other cell phones to see if they had coverage. Things were not looking good as we drew closer to the landing zone, coverage was jumping between no service and 2 or 3 bars of 3G service. We arrived on location around 9:50 AM, driving up and down 221 to find a location with decent coverage. After finding a spot, we sat on top of the truck and scanned the skies, sending "pings" to the capsule cell phone every so often, and waited for a response. The predicted landing time came and went, and no response was received. We waited another ten minutes or so, but neither sight nor signal came. We assumed that the capsule had landed in a location without service, and we would need to find it manually. Back on 221, we selected side roads almost at random and drove down them for a while, before turning back and selecting another. After about twenty minutes, the impossibility of our task began to dawn on us. We were surrounded by hundreds of giant, circular farms, and the capsule could be in any one of them. This was no "needle in a haystack". It was "small red parachute in thousands of acres of farmland", "needle in a haystack on steroids". We drove for what seemed like hours, really just one hour, endlessly looking out the window. "Was that it?", "No, just a plastic bag". Spirits plunged to an all-time low. We found ourselves driving West on an undeveloped gravel road. The road turned South, back towards the Columbia, towards home. One last stretch of road before giving the balloon up for lost. I began to try and come to terms with the fact that we would never see the capsule again. The car was silent as we drove South down Alderdale Road towards the Columbia River. I could not have expected what came next. At exactly 11:58 AM, the silence was harshly broken by a sound from one of the cell phones. It was a text message. I quickly reached for the phone and read the message. Sure enough, it was a message from the capsule, containing GPS coordinates. Another phone received a message from the capsule while I looked at the first. The car was bustling with excitement as message after message came in, responses to every individual "ping" we sent the capsule. We pulled off on a side road and loaded the GPS coordinates into our devices. When we saw the location of the capsule, we became quite confused. In straight lines, the capsule was 73 miles East of the launch location, and 45 miles East from the predicted landing location. By road, the capsule was 72.5 miles away from where we stopped the truck. In an instant, we went from a hopeless search to knowing the exact location of the capsule, accurate to 5 meters. We drove East to the coordinates given, and tried to make sense of what happened. The balloon's flight had lasted 4 hours. But if we had put more helium than we planned, the balloons flight should have been shorter, not longer. As it turns out, even though we put in more helium, we had not planned for enough positive lift to give it a fast enough ascension rate. The various resources we consulted had different recommendations for positive lift. One recommended 1.5 times the weight of the capsule for lift in helium. Another recommended 3 or 4 pounds of positive lift. We gave the balloon 600 grams, as recommended by a third resource. This was clearly not enough, giving us only half the ascension rate we desired. We drove on, crossing the Columbia at Umatilla, and followed the river East and then North, before turning inland around Burbank. The terrain in this area was not looking good, the capsule could have landed in a stockyard, a small pond, or the tightly packed, inaccessible corn fields. We drove up a small hill, following the GPS coordinates, and found two farmhouses. We knocked on both doors to ask permission to search the fields, but no one was home. We drove down a road bordering the huge circular fields, and there it was. Lying in the dirt and weeds between two circle fields, the capsule was clearly visible and only a hundred or so feet from the road. The recovery may not have been quick, but it was definitely easy. We quickly brought the capsule and parachute back and began the long drive home. In total, we had driven 648 miles.

Here's What Happened

The Story

Part 1: Launch

It all started almost a year ago with two brothers and a dream: a dream to send a weather balloon with a camera into the stratosphere, to take footage of the earth at 100,000 feet. We had thought about the possibility of such an endeavor for a long time, but not much came of it until one day, we decided that we would just go for it. In the months that followed, most of our free time was devoted to researching the different options we had, discussing costs, and looking at other people's successful projects. After hours upon hours of internet searches and reading, our project appeared to be set in stone. The only thing left to do was purchase items and put it together. We learned a lot as we went, sometimes developing our own methods, other times drawing from outside resources. We cut costs here and there, made a few changes to our plans, and slowly gathered all of the pieces for the mission, finding time to work together in the midst of Erik's busy work schedule. It wasn't until a week before the launch that we began to feel the full weight of our undertaking. The capsule was not yet complete and we had not lined up a helium supplier. These problems were solved during the week. However, we discovered another, more pressing, issue. We faced a possible reschedule due to the uncertainty in whether or not Erik would get the launch day off. Sunday, August 18th was the only day which worked for all of us, and rescheduling the launch would have been a nightmare. During the week, he talked with his coworkers to see if anyone would trade workdays, but to no avail. It all came down to the day before launch on Saturday, August 17th. It was 4:00 PM, I had yet to receive a message from Erik saying that he'd gotten the day off, and the helium place closed at 6:00 PM. He finally called me around five to say that he had worked it out and we were clear for launch. I quickly called the helium place to ensure that they still had helium in stock. They kindly notified me that they were out of the 100 cubic foot tanks but still had 80 cubic foot tanks in stock. That was okay, I thought, because we had calculated that we only needed 70 cubic feet. Upon arrival at the store, I was pleasantly surprised to find out that there indeed were 100 cubic foot tanks in stock. With a tank of helium in the back of the truck, we headed to a home improvement store to pick up a swivel for the parachute and some tubing for the helium tank. Back at home, my brother and I began assembling and packing all of the gear. Laboring into the night, we finally went to bed at 1:00 AM, which would give us one hour of sleep before getting up at 2:00 and leaving by 3:00. The roads were clear as we drove to the launch site in Bickleton, Washington. It was a mere 162 miles and 3 hours away, situated near the Columbia river and in the middle of nowhere. We arrived a full hour before sunrise, at 6:00. Although the sun was still below the horizon, the sky was a bright orange-yellow, giving us ample lighting for setting up the balloon. We drove around the Bickleton area for a while, after discovering that our launch site, a supposed public park, was incorrectly marked on Google Earth, and was located on private land. There was a second issue as well: the supposed 3G cell connection displayed on the Sprint map was nowhere to be found. A recovery required cell connection, and we could only hope that there was better service in the landing zone to the East. We found a secluded road bordering farmland, pulled to the side, and began setting up our balloon. The wind at ground level was almost nonexistent, perfect for filling a very large, very lightweight balloon. Due to our delay in arriving and finding a launch location, we did not begin assembly until 7:00 AM, the time I'd hoped to be launching. Thankfully, the wind calculations gave us a large window of time and a launch by 8:00 AM would be okay. After connecting all of the components together and setting up the electronics in the capsule, we began to cautiously fill the balloon. Work was very slow, as both of us were nervous about popping the balloon, but we gradually sped up the filling process. Sometime during the filling process, two men from a nearby farm drove up in a truck to see what we were doing. We told them about our launch and they stayed to watch the whole ordeal. The balloon continued to get bigger and bigger, but it still wasn't lifting the counterweight. The counterweight was a simple milk jug filled with a given weight in water, a weight we had calculated to give us the right positive lift when equilibrium was reached. As we continued to fill the balloon with helium, our worries grew. The balloon should have only needed 70 cubic feet of helium to lift the counterweight, and it felt like we had already put that much in. Suddenly, the pressure from the helium tank fell. There was a full 100 cubic feet of helium in the balloon and the counterweight had not been lifted off the ground. We tried to think of an explanation, and assumed it was because the counterweight must have been inaccurate. I realize now that this was a correct assumption. The counterweight had leaked during transportation, and when we refilled it, we inadvertently added more water than necessary. With the full 100 cubic feet of helium in the balloon, we tied it off and began to cut the safety lines. We slowly let the balloon lines out, making a final check on the electronics before saying our goodbyes, counting to three, and releasing the balloon together. The time was 7:52 AM. It was a strange feeling, seeing all of our work, our hours and hours of research and design, rising into the sky and eventually out of sight. We breathed a sigh of relief, but the mission was only half-over. The more difficult, more uncertain half had just started, and it depended solely on cell reception and an Android app.

LAUNCH SUCCESSFUL: PICTURES, VIDEOS, AND ANALYSIS TO COME SOON

Everything that could go wrong, and hopefully won't

As the launch date approaches (only 6 more days), the stress levels here at mission control (a.k.a. my room) are rising. There is still quite a lot to do before we'll be ready to launch. We can finally load weather reports from our landing prediction site (the site only predicts 180 hours into the future), so we've basically nailed down the launch site. I've also found a suitable helium dealer that will rent out 100 cu. ft. of helium for 2 days at the price of 70 dollars. A good price on a pressure regulator is yet to be found, and we may resort to using a party balloon valve, which would increase the filling time incredibly. The impending launch is always in the back of my mind, and sometimes I lie awake at night thinking of what there is left to do, what we might have forgotten, and everything that could possibly go wrong. So, as a way to vent, I've compiled a list of things that could terminate, ruin, or otherwise bring failure to our mission. I call it "Everything that could go wrong, and hopefully won't"

1. Premature burst of balloon

Explanation: This is the one that is the most disastrous, and unfortunately the most likely, event. The bursting would probably occur during the filling stage, as the wind could cause the partially filled balloon to strike a sharp object like a rock or a blade of grass, thus bursting or tearing a hole in the balloon. Alternatively, the burst could occur because the balloon got twisted up during inflation, stretching and bursting a small section of the balloon. 

Prevention: In order to keep such an event from happening, we'll lay down either tarps or sheets on the ground, covering any sharp objects, and the balloon will be laid out flat to make sure it is not twisted during inflation. The balloon must be handled with caution, and all handlers will be wearing latex gloves to prevent skin oils from degrading the balloon fabric, and to prevent bursting by a sharp fingernail. Although I do not know how much the balloon fabric can take before being torn, I am going to assume it is very weak and take all precautions to ensure safe handling. 

2. Faulty or non-configured electronics

Explanation: This one is caused mostly by forgetfulness, like forgetting to turn the GoPro or cell phone on, or forgetting launching the flight recording app. The whole mission would be pointless if we failed to record the video. Any failure with the cell phone would not be too disastrous, because there is a good chance of capsule recovery based solely on wind predictions. 

Prevention: We will be checking and double checking and triple checking to make sure all of the electronics are powered on before we let the capsule fly away, as well as testing their functionality throughout setup. 

3. Capsule or parachute disconnection

Explanation: There is a small chance of some sort of separation either parachute-to-balloon or capsule-to-parachute. The nylon cables themselves are very strong, however the capsule or parachute could separate through other means, like a poorly tied knot. A disconnection between parachute and balloon would result in a prematurely terminated flight, but a disconnection between capsule and parachute would result in a styrofoam box weighing 650 grams and containing $400 of equipment plummeting to earth at terminal velocity (not as cool as it sounds). 

Prevention: Tie good knots. That's really all there is to it. A knot can be made tighter by soaking the nylon cord in water and then tightening again. We will most likely also attach safety lines in between components in case the primary lines fail. 

4. Premature release

Explanation: Although this case is not very likely, it is a rather intimidating thing to think about your $150+ balloon and helium floating away without any payload, or your balloon and payload floating away without any electronics configured.

Prevention: Safety lines will be tied between the balloon and the helium tank during inflation, as well as between the capsule and the helium tank

5. Very unlikely events

Explanation: Some events are very low probability, but still possibilities. These events include, but are not limited to: Prevention from launch by local authorities, prevention of recovery by irritated farmer, water landing, mid-air collision with commercial airliner (yeah, not good), landing in Hanford Nuclear Cleanup Site (don't worry, our weather predictions say it will go the opposite way), or being mistaken for an alien spacecraft and confiscated (okay, that's never going to happen).

Prevention: Okay, so most of these things are either impossible or not predictable. However, to prevent a mid-air collision with any piloted craft, the capsule is outfitted with a radar reflector, and a NOTAM (notice to airmen) will be filed to alert pilots in the area of our launch. Any birds that are not outfitted with radar technology will just have to keep their eyes open.

Well that's the end of my list, now you know a little bit more of the risks we're taking in doing this mission. I think I understand now a fraction of a fraction of the stress that the people at NASA felt when putting a man on the moon. Check back tomorrow evening for another post. Better yet, just check every day this week, I'll be putting in quite a bit of time to prepare for the launch.

A Short Update

Well, the weather balloon has arrived from Amazon.com, I still haven't opened it yet, but we will soon begin putting everything together. However I'm on vacation until the 10th so that's not going to happen until I get back. This gives us only one week until the launch, which we set for the 17th of August. The exact location will not be determined until we can get weather reports for that day, so we'll be waiting on that too. Fortunately, our weather predicting service gets reports 180 hours in advance, so we'll have the whole week to set our final launch location. The last thing to buy will be the helium, after I find out where I can get the best deal, either from a welding supply, a gas dealer, or a party place. That's all I have for you today, there won't be any posts from me until probably the eleventh, where I hope to make posts every day until the launch. 

Even More Progress

Balloons!!! (well, actually one balloon)

So, we finally got far enough in our project that we were able to buy a balloon! We decided to go with the $60 20 ft 600 gram Professional Weather Balloon sold by Aether Industries. The other option was a 1200 gram balloon for $105, but the smaller one is more suited to our purpose, although we may suffer a loss in altitude as a result. Predictions put us around 90k ft, but that's all they are: predictions. The actual altitude may go up or down from that. We figure that the balloon will need about 70 cubic feet of helium to achieve 2kg of lift and 4.94 m/s rate of ascent. We haven't yet lined up a helium dealer, but I will start calling all the local places to find the best price. When the balloon finally does arrive, we have to insert a short length of PVC and zip tie it in place so we can attach the payload lines to it. We'll be sure to take a video so you can see how it's done as well as see what the balloon looks like. When handling the balloon, we will have to wear latex gloves to prevent any oils from degrading the balloon and causing a premature burst. 

Near Space Capsule

Yeah, the only thing that's changed here is we painted it black (Rolling Stones' "Paint it Black" plays in the background) and made a better fitting mount for the GoPro. We also purchased a GoPro Battery BacPac and ran a test, it added about 90 minutes extra battery life, which should give us plenty for the entire mission. I should start calling it the "GoBroke" because that's basically what I'm doing for this enterprise. GoBroke. And instead of "Be a Hero" as the tagline, it'll be "Spend All Your Money Sending Me to Near Space Without the Certainty of Getting Anything Back." 

Calculations

I don't really feel like going into much detail about how we calculated ascent rates and stuff like that, but I'll tell you it did involve quite a bit of metric/imperial unit conversion. For those of you who don't know, imperial is the set of units we use here in 'Murica. Our calculations required very involved and in-depth operations such as Googling something like "ascent rate calculator" or "burst height calculator", plugging in a bunch of numbers, and pressing "calculate". In all seriousness, though, it was no easy task to juggle a bunch of variables, units, and ideas around and come up with results. For example, when calculating the lift we would need, we searched through different resources to find suggestions for lift/weight ratios or positive lift. One resource said to have a 3:2 lift/weight ratio, while another said to have 4 or 5 lbs positive lift, and yet another said to have 500g positive lift. We decided to trust the 500g measurement; The example presented on the site was a situation very similar to ours. 

Weight n'stuff

The capsule ended up weighing 520 grams, and 780 grams if  you add the chute, the radar reflector, and the nylon rope. The balloon, of course, weighs 600 grams, and we decided to give the capsule a 620 gram positive lift to bring the total to a nice, round, 2 kilograms. Because 1 cubic foot of helium can lift 28.2 grams, we will need about 70 cubic feet of helium. (are you double checking my math? because trust me, I did it right). That brings us to a nozzle lift of 1400 grams (lift of balloon considering weight of balloon). This can be accomplished using a counterweight of 1400 grams and filling the balloon until it just lifts the counterweight. 

Well, that's all I have for you for now. Sorry, no media today. Yes, I realize it's been two weeks since the last post and things are starting to get redundant. But it's all coming together pretty quick. I'll probably have some more interesting, more humorous things to come that'll fill up the time between finishing and the launch date. As always, check back often, and don't hesitate to drop us a line at nearspace13@gmail.com. 

Some Progress...

The Near Space Capsule

 This week we made some purchases both online and at a couple stores, and began construction on the near space capsule. Our shopping list included: PVC couplings, duct tape (very useful), aluminum tape, 48" parachute made of ripstop nylon, 100 feet of 2mm nylon rope, and a couple blocks of floral foam. The PVC couplings are going to be used inside the balloon neck to provide a structure to which we can attach the rope and parachute. We'll do that when we finally get the balloon. The duct tape is, of course, used for sticking stuff together (yes, this is a technical term). The aluminum tape has a unique purpose. The aluminum surface of the tape works great to reflect radar signals, and with it we built the aptly named "radar reflector". The parachute was purchased from rocketchutes.com. Yes, we got the biggest one they had. For the cables, we got nylon rope from REI. We're not sure of the exact tensile strength, but it's definitely strong enough for our project. The floral foam proved to be a suitable filler for the capsule interior: it's stiff, easy to cut, and lightweight. Not to mention inexpensive, too. 

Anyway, we were able to do most of the construction of the near space capsule. This mostly involved cutting holes in the box and the floral foam, as well as duct taping the whole thing (you know, because duct tape makes everything stronger). All that's left for the capsule is to figure out the rigging of the nylon rope and to make sure the GoPro will stay secure (wouldn't want it falling out mid-flight). 

We also constructed a radar reflector so that the local ATC or any radar-equipped device can track it in the air (hopefully). We wouldn't want it to get sucked up in the turbine of a 747. I don't feel like explaining how exactly the radar reflector works, but here's a great video by Smarter Every Day and Minutephysics that does a good job of explaining it. 

Well that's about it. Our launch date has been set (tentatively) for either the 10th or 17th of August. I've attached pictures and videos at the bottom of this post of our progress. Again, be sure to check back with us frequently.